What is Centella asiatica extract? Definition, types, history and nutritional value.

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Centella Asiatica Extract

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1. Definition

Centella Asiatica Extract, commonly known as Gotu kola extract, is a natural extract obtained from the Centella asiatica plant. This plant is a small, creeping herbaceous perennial native to Asia, Africa, and Australia. The extract is rich in various bioactive compounds that are responsible for its numerous beneficial properties. It is often used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries due to its potential health - promoting and skin - enhancing effects.

2. Types

2.1 Triterpenoids

Triterpenoids are one of the major types of compounds found in Centella Asiatica Extract. Asiaticoside and madecassoside are two of the most important triterpenoids. Asiaticoside has been shown to have a positive impact on wound healing. It can stimulate the production of collagen, which is an essential protein for maintaining the integrity and elasticity of the skin. Madecassoside, on the other hand, has anti - inflammatory properties. It can help to reduce redness and swelling in the skin, making it useful for treating various skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.

2.2 Flavonoids

Flavonoids are another class of compounds present in the extract. They are known for their antioxidant properties. Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting the body from free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells. Flavonoids in Centella Asiatica Extract can scavenge these free radicals, thereby reducing the risk of oxidative stress - related diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.

2.3 Alkaloids

Although alkaloids are present in smaller amounts compared to triterpenoids and flavonoids, they still contribute to the overall properties of the Centella asiatica extract. Alkaloids have been found to have potential antimicrobial and antifungal activities. This means that they can help to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi on the skin or in the body, which is beneficial for maintaining good health.

3. History

Centella asiatica has a long and rich history of use in traditional medicine systems. In Asia, it has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and other indigenous medical practices.

3.1 Ayurvedic Medicine

In Ayurveda, which is an ancient Indian system of medicine, Centella asiatica was considered a "rasayana" or rejuvenating herb. It was used to enhance memory, improve cognitive function, and promote longevity. Ayurvedic practitioners also used it to treat various skin diseases, including leprosy and ulcers. The herb was often prepared as a paste or decoction and applied topically or consumed orally.

3.2 Traditional Chinese Medicine

In TCM, Centella asiatica was known as "ji xue cao" (积雪草). It was used mainly for its ability to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. It was also used to treat skin problems such as burns, cuts, and sores. TCM practitioners believed that the herb could help to restore the balance of the body's qi (energy) and blood, thereby promoting overall health.

3.3 Indigenous Medicine in Southeast Asia

In Southeast Asia, Centella asiatica has been used in various indigenous medical traditions. For example, in Indonesia, it was used to treat fevers, liver problems, and skin diseases. In Malaysia, it was used as a poultice for wounds and as a remedy for rheumatism. The plant was often gathered from the wild and prepared in different ways depending on the specific ailment being treated.

4. Nutritional Value

Centella asiatica extract offers several nutritional and health - related benefits due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds.

4.1 Antioxidant Properties

As mentioned earlier, the flavonoids in Centella asiatica extract are powerful antioxidants. Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals in the body. Free radicals are produced during normal metabolic processes as well as in response to environmental factors such as pollution, radiation, and smoking. If left unchecked, free radicals can cause oxidative damage to cells, which is associated with various diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and aging - related conditions. By scavenging free radicals, the antioxidants in Centella asiatica extract can help to protect the body's cells and tissues from damage, thus promoting overall health.

4.2 Skin Health

The triterpenoids in Centella asiatica extract, particularly asiaticoside and madecassoside, are highly beneficial for skin health.

• Collagen Synthesis: Asiaticoside can stimulate the fibroblasts in the skin to produce more collagen. Collagen is the main structural protein in the skin, providing strength and elasticity. As we age, collagen production naturally declines, leading to the formation of wrinkles and sagging skin. By promoting collagen synthesis, Centella asiatica extract can help to keep the skin firm and youthful - looking.
• Anti - Inflammatory Effects: Madecassoside has anti - inflammatory properties, which can be useful for treating various skin inflammations such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis. It can reduce redness, swelling, and itching associated with these conditions, helping to soothe the skin.
• Wound Healing: The extract has been shown to accelerate wound healing. It can promote the migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts to the wound site, which are important cells involved in the wound - healing process. This can help to close wounds faster and reduce the risk of infection.

4.3 Cognitive Function

Centella asiatica has a long - standing reputation for enhancing cognitive function. In traditional medicine, it was used to improve memory and concentration. Modern research has also suggested that certain compounds in the extract may have a positive impact on the brain.

• Neuroprotection: Some of the bioactive compounds in Centella asiatica extract may act as neuroprotective agents. They can protect the neurons from damage caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and other factors. This may be beneficial for preventing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
• Improved Blood Circulation in the Brain: By promoting blood circulation, the extract can ensure that the brain receives an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. This can enhance brain function, including memory, attention, and learning ability.

4.4 Blood Circulation

Centella asiatica extract has been shown to have a positive effect on blood circulation. It can help to dilate blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and improving the flow of blood throughout the body. This is beneficial for overall cardiovascular health, as it can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other circulatory disorders.

FAQ:

1. What are the main triterpenoids in Centella asiatica extract?

The main triterpenoids in Centella asiatica extract are asiaticoside, madecassoside and others. These triterpenoids play important roles in the various beneficial effects of the extract, such as in promoting skin health and other physiological functions.

2. How has Centella asiatica extract been used in traditional Asian medicine?

In traditional Asian medicine, Centella asiatica extract has been used for centuries. It has been used for treating various ailments, including skin problems, improving mental clarity, and enhancing overall well - being. However, its use was based on traditional knowledge and experience rather than modern scientific understanding at that time.

3. Can Centella asiatica extract really improve skin health?

Yes, it can. The active compounds in Centella asiatica extract, such as triterpenoids, have potential benefits for skin health. They can promote collagen synthesis, which is important for maintaining skin elasticity. Also, they can reduce inflammation in the skin, which helps in treating skin conditions like acne, eczema etc.

4. What role do antioxidants in Centella asiatica extract play?

The antioxidants in Centella asiatica extract play a crucial role in combating free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells in the body. By neutralizing these free radicals, the antioxidants help to prevent oxidative stress, which is associated with various health problems including aging, certain diseases, and skin damage.

5. How might Centella asiatica extract be beneficial for cognitive function?

Although the exact mechanisms are still being studied, it is thought that the active compounds in Centella asiatica extract may have a positive impact on cognitive function. It may help improve blood circulation in the brain, which can enhance the supply of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. Additionally, it may have a direct effect on neural cells, promoting their health and function.

Related literature

• Centella asiatica: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Dermatology"
• "The Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Centella asiatica Extract"
• "Centella asiatica Extract: A Review of its Bioactive Compounds and Their Health Benefits"