What is feverfew extract? Definition, types, history and nutritional value.

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Feverfew Extract

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1. Definition

Feverfew Extract refers to substances that are obtained through extraction processes from the feverfew plant. Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a herbaceous plant that has been used for various purposes over the years. The extract is a concentrated form of the active components present in the feverfew plant. These active components can include a variety of chemical substances such as sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and essential oils. The extraction process aims to isolate and concentrate these beneficial components, which can then be used in different applications, such as in the field of medicine, cosmetics, or dietary supplements.

2. Types

2.1 Based on Extraction Solvents

• Alcohol - based extracts: Alcohol, such as ethanol, is often used as a solvent for extracting feverfew. Alcohol has the ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds present in the feverfew plant. This type of extract may contain a higher concentration of certain lipophilic (fat - loving) components, such as some of the sesquiterpene lactones. The alcohol - based extraction process can be adjusted depending on the desired concentration and purity of the extract.
• Water - based extracts: Water can also be used to extract components from feverfew. Water - soluble substances like some flavonoids and other polar compounds can be effectively extracted using water. Water - based extracts are often considered more suitable for applications where a more "natural" or milder form of the extract is required. For example, in some cosmetic products or dietary supplements aimed at consumers who prefer products with minimal use of organic solvents.

2.2 Based on Extraction Techniques

• Maceration: This is one of the simplest extraction techniques. In maceration, the feverfew plant material is soaked in the solvent (either alcohol or water) for a certain period of time. During this time, the solvent gradually penetrates the plant cells and dissolves the active components. After the soaking period, the liquid is separated from the plant material, usually by filtration, to obtain the extract. Maceration can be a relatively slow process, but it is a gentle method that can preserve the integrity of some of the more delicate components of the feverfew.
• Soxhlet extraction: This is a more continuous extraction method. The feverfew plant material is placed in a Soxhlet extractor, and the solvent is continuously recycled through the plant material. The solvent vaporizes, rises, and then condenses back into the extraction chamber, constantly washing the plant material and extracting the active components. Soxhlet extraction is often used when a more complete extraction of the active components is desired, especially for components that are less soluble or require longer exposure to the solvent.
• Supercritical fluid extraction: This is a relatively advanced extraction technique. Supercritical fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, are used as the extraction medium. Supercritical fluids have properties between those of a liquid and a gas, which gives them unique solvating power. This method can be very selective in extracting specific components from feverfew while leaving behind unwanted substances. It also has the advantage of producing a relatively pure extract with no solvent residues, as the supercritical fluid can be easily removed by simply reducing the pressure.

3. History

The use of feverfew has a long and rich history. It can be traced back to ancient times. Ancient Greeks were among the first to recognize the medicinal properties of feverfew. They used it to treat various ailments, including fevers (which is how it got its name, as "feverfew" means "fever reducer" in some sense). The plant was also used in traditional Medieval European medicine. During this time, it was used for a wide range of health problems, such as headaches, arthritis, and digestive disorders.

In folk medicine, feverfew has been a popular remedy. For example, in some rural areas, it was used as a natural treatment for migraines. Women in particular were known to use feverfew preparations to relieve menstrual pain. Over the centuries, the knowledge of feverfew's medicinal uses has been passed down through generations, and today, modern scientific research is exploring and validating many of these traditional uses.

4. Nutritional Value

Feverfew Extract is rich in various compounds that contribute to its nutritional and health - promoting value.

4.1 Phenolic Compounds

Feverfew contains significant amounts of phenolic compounds. These include flavonoids like apigenin and luteolin. Phenolic compounds play important roles in promoting health. They are powerful antioxidants, which means they can scavenge free radicals in the body. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can cause oxidative stress, which is associated with various diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. By reducing oxidative stress, phenolic compounds in Feverfew Extract can help protect the body's cells and tissues from damage.

Moreover, phenolic compounds also have anti - inflammatory properties. Inflammation is a natural response of the body to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can lead to a host of health problems. The phenolic compounds in feverfew can help modulate the body's inflammatory response, reducing excessive inflammation and promoting overall health.

4.2 Sesquiterpene Lactones

Sesquiterpene lactones are another important class of compounds found in feverfew extract. These compounds are believed to contribute to feverfew's medicinal properties, especially in relation to pain relief. Some sesquiterpene lactones have been shown to have anti - migrainous effects. They may work by inhibiting the release of certain chemicals in the body that are involved in the development of migraines, such as serotonin. Additionally, sesquiterpene lactones may also have anti - inflammatory and antioxidant properties, similar to phenolic compounds, further enhancing the overall health - promoting effects of feverfew extract.

4.3 Essential Oils

Feverfew also contains essential oils. These oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds that give feverfew its characteristic aroma. The essential oils in feverfew may have antimicrobial properties, which means they can help fight against harmful microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They may also have a role in promoting relaxation and reducing stress, although more research is needed in this area. The presence of essential oils in feverfew extract can also contribute to its potential use in aromatherapy or in the formulation of natural perfumes.

FAQ:

What are the main active components in white chamomile extract?

The main active components in white chamomile extract include phenolic compounds. These compounds are important as they contribute to the health - promoting properties of the extract, such as reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.

How is white chamomile extract made?

White chamomile extract is made through extraction processes. Depending on the type, it can be made using solvents like alcohol or water. The process involves separating and concentrating the active components from the white chamomile plant.

What are the differences between alcohol - based and water - based white chamomile extracts?

Alcohol - based white chamomile extracts may dissolve different components compared to water - based ones. Alcohol can extract some lipid - soluble components more effectively, while water - based extracts may be better at extracting water - soluble compounds. Additionally, the stability and shelf - life of the two types may also vary.

Can white chamomile extract be used for skin health?

Yes, it can be used for skin health. Due to its anti - inflammatory and antioxidant properties from the phenolic compounds, white chamomile extract may help soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and potentially have anti - aging effects.

Are there any side effects of using white chamomile extract?

While white chamomile extract is generally considered safe for most people, some individuals may be allergic to it. In rare cases, it may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions, especially in those with sensitive skin or allergies to plants in the daisy family.

Related literature

• The Medicinal Properties of Chamomile: A Review"
• "White Chamomile: Extraction Techniques and Nutritional Benefits"
• "Active Components in Chamomile Extracts and Their Health Implications"