What is wheat germ extract? Definition, types, history and nutritional value.

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Wheat Germ Extract

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1. Definition of Wheat Germ Extract

Wheat Germ Extract is a product that contains concentrated substances derived from wheat germ. Wheat germ is the embryo or sprouting part of the wheat kernel, which is a highly nutritious component. The extract is obtained through various extraction methods, which aim to isolate and concentrate the beneficial compounds present in the wheat germ.

2. Types of Wheat Germ Extract

2.1 Based on Chemical Composition

- Lipid - rich extract: Some wheat germ extracts are characterized by a high content of lipids. These lipids mainly include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. For example, the phospholipids in wheat germ extract play important roles in cell membrane structure and function. - Protein - concentrated extract: This type of extract has a relatively high proportion of proteins. Wheat germ proteins are a rich source of essential amino acids, which are necessary for the human body to build and repair tissues. - Polyphenol - rich extract: Polyphenols are antioxidant compounds. Wheat germ contains various polyphenols such as ferulic acid. Extracts rich in polyphenols are of great value in terms of antioxidant activity and potential health - promoting effects.

2.2 Based on Application

- Food - grade extract: This is designed for use in the food industry. It can be added to various food products such as bread, cereals, and health bars to enhance their nutritional value. For example, adding wheat germ extract to bread can increase its protein and antioxidant content. - Cosmetic - grade extract: In the cosmetic field, wheat germ extract is used for its antioxidant and skin - nourishing properties. It can be found in creams, lotions, and serums, helping to protect the skin from oxidative stress and improve skin texture. - Nutraceutical - grade extract: This type of extract is formulated for use in dietary supplements. It is often sold in the form of capsules or tablets, aiming to provide concentrated nutritional benefits for consumers who want to supplement their diet with wheat germ - related nutrients.

3. History of Wheat Germ Extract

Wheat has been a staple food in human diets for thousands of years. However, the extraction of wheat germ and the production of its extract are relatively modern developments.

3.1 Early Awareness

In the past, wheat germ was often removed during the milling process of wheat to produce white flour, as it contains oils that can cause spoilage more quickly. But over time, people gradually recognized the high nutritional value of wheat germ. Early studies began to explore the potential of using wheat germ as a source of nutrition.

3.2 Technological Advances

With the development of extraction technologies, it became possible to separate and purify wheat germ extract efficiently. In the 20th century, advancements in mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic extraction methods allowed for the large - scale production of wheat germ extract. These technological improvements made it more accessible for both research and commercial applications.

3.3 Increasing Popularity

In recent decades, as the awareness of healthy eating and natural products has grown, wheat germ extract has gained increasing popularity. Consumers are more interested in products that are rich in nutrients and have potential health benefits. The food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries have all responded to this trend by incorporating wheat germ extract into their products.

4. Nutritional Value of Wheat Germ Extract

4.1 Phytosterols

Wheat germ extract contains a significant amount of phytosterols. Phytosterols are plant - based compounds that are structurally similar to cholesterol. When consumed, they can compete with cholesterol for absorption in the intestines. This helps in reducing the amount of cholesterol that is absorbed into the bloodstream, thus potentially lowering cholesterol levels in the body. For example, a daily intake of a certain amount of wheat germ extract rich in phytosterols may contribute to better heart health by managing cholesterol levels.

4.2 Amino Acids

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and wheat germ extract is a good source of them. It contains both essential and non - essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are those that the human body cannot synthesize on its own and must be obtained from the diet. The presence of these amino acids in wheat germ extract makes it valuable for maintaining proper muscle function, promoting tissue repair, and supporting overall growth and development. For instance, athletes may benefit from consuming wheat germ extract as it can help in muscle recovery after intense exercise.

4.3 Antioxidants

The extract is rich in antioxidants, which play a crucial role in protecting the body from the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative stress in the body, which is associated with various diseases and the aging process.

- Vitamin E: Wheat germ extract is a rich source of vitamin E, which is a well - known antioxidant. Vitamin E can protect cell membranes from oxidative damage, thus maintaining the integrity of cells. It also has anti - inflammatory properties and may be beneficial for skin health. - Polyphenols: As mentioned earlier, wheat germ contains polyphenols such as ferulic acid. These polyphenols have strong antioxidant activity, scavenging free radicals and preventing oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids.

4.4 Other Nutrients

- B - vitamins: Wheat germ extract also contains B - vitamins such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), and niacin (B3). These vitamins are important for energy metabolism, nerve function, and maintaining healthy skin, eyes, and liver. - Minerals: It contains minerals like magnesium, zinc, and selenium. Magnesium is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, including those related to energy production and muscle function. Zinc is essential for immune function, wound healing, and cell growth. Selenium is an antioxidant mineral that works in conjunction with other antioxidants in the body.

FAQ:

1. What is the main chemical composition of wheat germ extract?

Wheat germ extract mainly contains phytosterols, amino acids, and a range of antioxidants. Phytosterols can help in lowering cholesterol levels. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. And the antioxidants can fight against free radicals and slow down the aging process.

2. How is wheat germ extract different from wheat germ?

Wheat germ is the embryo of the wheat kernel, while wheat germ extract is a concentrated form of substances that are extracted from wheat germ. The extract is processed to isolate and concentrate certain beneficial components like phytosterols, amino acids and antioxidants which may not be as readily available in the unextracted wheat germ.

3. Can everyone consume wheat germ extract?

While wheat germ extract is highly nutritious, not everyone may be suitable to consume it. People with wheat allergies should avoid it as it is derived from wheat. Also, those with certain medical conditions or on specific medications should consult a doctor before adding it to their diet, as some of its components may interact with drugs or exacerbate existing health problems.

4. How is wheat germ extract used in the food industry?

Wheat germ extract can be used in a variety of ways in the food industry. It can be added to breakfast cereals, baked goods, and health bars to enhance their nutritional value. It can also be used in the production of dietary supplements in the form of capsules or tablets.

5. What are the different types of wheat germ extract based on application?

One type may be used mainly for dietary supplements due to its high concentration of certain nutrients like phytosterols for cholesterol management. Another type could be used in food products such as fortified cereals or energy bars to provide a boost of amino acids and antioxidants. There may also be types that are used in the cosmetic industry, for example, in anti - aging creams because of its antioxidant properties.

Related literature

• The Nutritional and Functional Properties of Wheat Germ and Its Extracts"
• "Wheat Germ Extract: A Comprehensive Review of Its Chemical Composition and Health Benefits"